求诺斯1958年的文章"Ocean Freight Rates and Economic Development1750-1913"?我的邮箱是hilton21@163.co

Ocean Freight Rates and Economic Development 1750-1913
Douglass North
Revolutionary developments in transport have been an essential feature of the rapid growth of the western world of the past two centuries. Reduction in the cost of carriage has enabled specialization and division of labor on a national and international basis to replace the relatively self-sufficient economies that predominated in the western world two centuries ago. The striking role of the railroad in the nineteenth century is well known. However it was water transport in which the bulk shipment commodities began, and it was the development of ocean shipping that was an integral aspect of the growing economic interdependence of the western world, the opening up of the undeveloped continents, and the promotion of the settlement of the "empty lands".The declining of ocean transportation was a process of widening the resource base of the western world. The agriculture of new countries was