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来源：百度知道 编辑：UC知道 时间：2024/09/22 12:29:56
2. The impact of FDI at the macro-level
The impact of FDI on host countries can be generalized by actual impact and financial impact. Actual impact refers to the contribution of FDI to production sectors, which can be found in trade structure and employment, while for financial impact, we can looks at the balance of payments as a result of FDI.
(1) The impact of FDI on the host country's trade structure
One of the most tangible potential benefits of FDI is in the export sector of the host country as MNCs develop ever more refined international divisions of labor. The need for close interaction between affiliates and the parent at all stages of production makes it very difficult for a local company on its own to provide sophisticated intermediate inputs to a firm from another country. Broadly, export-led FDI for which products sell on foreign market is likely to increase export revenue for the host country; import-substituting FDI for which products sell on domestic
The impact of FDI on host countries can be generalized by actual impact and financial impact. Actual impact refers to the contribution of FDI to production sectors, which can be found in trade structure and employment, while for financial impact, we can looks at the balance of payments as a result of FDI.
(1) The impact of FDI on the host country's trade structure
One of the most tangible potential benefits of FDI is in the export sector of the host country as MNCs develop ever more refined international divisions of labor. The need for close interaction between affiliates and the parent at all stages of production makes it very difficult for a local company on its own to provide sophisticated intermediate inputs to a firm from another country. Broadly, export-led FDI for which products sell on foreign market is likely to increase export revenue for the host country; import-substituting FDI for which products sell on domestic
2 。外国直接投资的影响在宏观层面
影响外国直接投资对东道国的国家可以由广义的实际影响和金融的影响。实际影响是指以贡献的外国直接投资的生产部门，可以发现在贸易结构和就业，而金融的影响，我们可以期待在国际收支平衡表，由于外国直接投资。
（ 1 ）的影响，外国直接投资对东道国的贸易结构
其中一个最明显的潜在好处的外国直接投资是在出口部门的主办国，作为跨国公司的发展，任何时候都更精致的国际告劳动。需要之间的密切互动子公司和母公司的所有阶段生产很难当地的一家公司对自己提供先进的中间投入，以坚定的，从另一个国家。广泛地说，以出口为导向的外国直接投资对哪些产品进行销售的外国市场很可能会增加出口收入为所在国;进口替代的外国直接投资为产品销售于国内市场，并取代产品所需的进口很可能以满足国内的需要，丰富国内市场，并减少进口量，为所在国。不管以出口为导向的直接投资企业或importsubstituting企业，只要他们购买生产设施或原料国外在生产过程中，进口将增加在东道国的国家。下表显示了四种情况，以不同的影响，出口和进口，为所在国。
采取的一个例子：日本东芝公司在华投资设立工厂和生产电视机。如果产品是完全出售，并出口到国外市场，那么投资将增加中国电视出口。相反，如果东芝公司销售的所有电视机在中国，以取代进口的电视机，这将减少进口量需要中国。最后，如果东芝公司购买设备和零部件从国外市场在生产过程中，然后数额的IM