a new doctors' dilemma翻译一下

来源:百度知道 编辑:UC知道 时间:2024/07/02 15:01:34
When Christian Barnard, a south African doctor, performed the first human heart transplant in 1967, the result was a worldwide moral debate on the ethics of transplanting organs. Hearts were not the first human organs to be transplanted but, in this case, if a donor gave his or her heart, he or she would obviously and necessarily die(or be dead). Kidney transplants, which were already quite common in 1967, often involved the transfer of a single kidney from a close living relative. The chances of survival of the donor were somewhat diminished because he now had only one kidney and if that kidney were affected by disease, he would not have a healthy kidney in reserve. Nevertheless, the donor would certainly not necessarily die.
Undoubtedly, another reason why the first heart transplant was so controversial was the fact that we associate so many personality traits with the heart. Questions were asked of the type: ”if a person had a different heart, would he still be the same perso

当基督教巴纳德,南非医生,完成了人类第一次心脏移植手术于1967年,其结果是一个世界性的道德辩论的道德移植器官。没有心的第一个人体器官的移植,但在这种情况下,如果捐助者给他或她的心,他或她显然和必然死亡(或死亡) 。肾脏移植手术,这已经很常见于1967年,经常参与转让一个单一的肾脏从生活密切相关。的生存机会捐助者在一定程度上削弱,因为他现在只有一个肾,如果肾脏受到疾病,他将不会有一个健康的肾脏储备。然而,捐助肯定会不一定死。
毫无疑问,另一个原因第一次心脏移植手术是如此争议的事实是,我们这么多的准人格特质与心。有人问的类型: “如果一个人有不同的心脏,将他仍是同一个人? ” ,或“如果医生需要有一个垂死的人的心,他们会借钱给他宣布过早死亡? ” ,并等等。
今天,不仅心灵和kindneys ,而且这种极其微妙的机关肺部和肝脏,移植。这些事态发展导致了远远高于或比例的成功运作,这反过来又导致更大的需求移植。与此同时,许多原来的道德问题围绕着心脏移植已几乎被人遗忘。
然而,由于大量需求的机关,一个新的道德困境已经出现。例如,在美国有很多人将生存谁如果肺部可用于移植。事实上,约80 %的人死亡之前,合适的捐赠被发现。在这种情况下,谁将决定是否捐助者被发现,其肺部也同样适用于两个潜在受益者?
这个问题变得更加严重的是,许多患者或其家属,因为急于找到捐助者。一些成功地宣传他们的情况在报纸上,向政客或电视上。有时候,因此,合适的捐赠者发现。但是,会发生什么情况,如果病人需要另一个器官多了一个谁宣传?谁将决定是否其他病人应该得到的机关?是否有医生?或捐助?或家庭谁得到了宣传?如果这样的两难境地发达国家那将是非常难以解决的---这将是一个事关死亡的患者参与。

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