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来源：百度知道 编辑：UC知道 时间：2024/07/03 02:21:09
在国际贸易中，影响和制约着商品自由流通的各种手段和措施，称之为贸易障碍或贸易壁垒。这种壁垒一般可分为关税壁垒和非关税壁垒两种。实践中较为常见的贸易壁垒主要体现在以下几个方面：关税措施；进口管理限制(包括通关限制、进口禁令、进口许可等)；、产品标准、合格评定程序、卫生与植物卫生措施；不合理的反倾销、反补贴；政府采购；出口限制；补贴；其它贸易壁垒等。例如，针对日本政府多年来通过进口配额、批准及原产地限制措施，只对韩国紫菜开放市场、不让中国紫菜进入的歧视性做法，这一事例属于贸易壁垒。
In international trade, influence and restrict the free flow of goods of various means and measures as trade barriers or barriers to trade. Such barriers may generally be divided into two types of tariff and non-tariff barriers. The more common practice of trade barriers mainly reflected in the following aspects: tariff measures; import restrictions management (including customs restrictions, the import ban, import licensing, etc.), product standards and conformity assessment procedures, sanitary and phytosanitary measures; not reasonable anti-dumping, anti-subsidy; government procurement; export restrictions; subsidies; other trade barriers. For example, over the years against the Japanese government through import quotas, approved and origin restrictions, the South Korean laver only open its markets to enter the Chinese laver discriminatory practices, which are examples of trade barriers.
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